教學(xué)目標(biāo)

Teaching Aims
全面復(fù)習(xí)第1至第7單元所出現(xiàn)重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)，日常交際用語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目，重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)命令和請(qǐng)求、語(yǔ)言困難、表示目的和發(fā)出通知的常用語(yǔ)句。復(fù)習(xí)1-7單元所出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句等有關(guān)語(yǔ)法。
Teaching important and difficult points
1.Words
room ,offer, discover, arrive
2.Phrases
take turns, make into , a piece of , help oneself to, get angry
2．Revise（1～7words and phrases）
3.Useful expressions
Would you like...? How about some more. . . ?
Just a little, please. No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
I’m full. Thank you. Help yourself to. . .
Let me give you. . .
4．Grammar
復(fù)習(xí)1～7單元出現(xiàn)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目
1）各種時(shí)態(tài)
2）直接、間接引語(yǔ)
3）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（特別是將來(lái)時(shí)）
4）目的狀語(yǔ)
5）定語(yǔ)從句the Attributive Clause

教學(xué)建議

對(duì)話建議

方法一：
教師要充分利用教材上提供的用餐話語(yǔ)，食物名稱對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)方面的訓(xùn)練, 把表達(dá)用餐的日常用語(yǔ)、詞組編對(duì)話，編類似情景的對(duì)話并表演。
方法二：
教師組織學(xué)生分成幾組，用競(jìng)賽形式把食物的名稱用英文讓學(xué)生寫(xiě)出來(lái)；看哪一組學(xué)生對(duì)食物名稱的了解多，可寫(xiě)：蔬菜、肉類、水果、飲料及其他食物。
方法三：
教師準(zhǔn)備好圖片，讓學(xué)生們說(shuō)出自己喜歡的食物并且采取互問(wèn)，比如：西紅柿、豆腐、 咖啡等，增加對(duì)所學(xué)的單詞的記憶。

課文建議
教師把這堂課的內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)述給學(xué)生：教師通過(guò)聽(tīng)磁帶，閱讀，問(wèn)答，分組討論，圖片顯示來(lái)完成本堂課的教學(xué)任務(wù)，教師在講解此課時(shí)，特別是在談?wù)揷orn, 重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明discovery, spreading, usage and the way of making food with it.

 

教材分析
本文的交際用語(yǔ)為用餐的表達(dá)法，如：Would you like…? How about…? Help yourself..這些詞語(yǔ)較簡(jiǎn)單，學(xué)生能夠容易運(yùn)用，同時(shí)教材中列出不同的食物名稱，短語(yǔ)，練習(xí)分別讓學(xué)生們掌握和分組討論。閱讀課僅用一篇文章說(shuō)明世界各地的日常食物的來(lái)源及產(chǎn)生的背景，如：玉米的發(fā)現(xiàn)，土豆、水果的種植。同時(shí)本單元是一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)課，Lesson 31重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)了定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞指人、物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞的使用。
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
1．discover vt.—看出；發(fā)現(xiàn)（存在而尚未為人所知之物）
1)跟名詞或代詞：
It w as Madame Curie who discovered the element radium.是居里夫人發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳元素。
Columbus discovered America in 1492．哥倫布于1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。
2)跟從句：
It was discovered that our food was running short. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)糧食快完了。
We discovered that he was an enemy spy. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一名敵特。
3)跟帶連接詞的不定式：
We never discovered how to open the box. 我們找不出打開(kāi)盒子的方法。
4)跟復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)：
We discovered him to be an enemy spy. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一名敵特。

2．discover 和invent的區(qū)分
1） 這兩個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞雖然意義不同，但在具體使用時(shí)可能搞混。
discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，invent意為“發(fā)明”。
Coal was first discovered and used in China．煤是最先在中國(guó)被發(fā)現(xiàn)和使用的。
He has invented a new machine．他發(fā)明了一種新機(jī)器。
2）discover可跟從句作賓語(yǔ)，還可以帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)；invent則不能。
3）discover的名詞形式為discovery（發(fā)現(xiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)物），而invent的名詞形式為invention。
Columbus’ discovery of America took place by accident．哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲是偶然事件。
Watt’s invention of steam engine brought about a great change in human life．瓦特發(fā)明蒸汽機(jī)使人類生活發(fā)生了巨大變化。

3.prepare v. —預(yù)備，準(zhǔn)備
1)跟名詞或代詞(可有較活譯法)：
①Please prepare the table for dinner. 請(qǐng)擺好桌子吃晚飯。
②Mother is preparing us a meal.母親正為我們做飯。
2)跟不定式：
①They are busy preparing to go on holiday. 他們正忙著準(zhǔn)備休假。
3)prepare for引起的短語(yǔ)表示“為……做好準(zhǔn)備”。
①We were given two days to prepare for the examination.給了我們兩天時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備考試。
②Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.[諺]存最好的希望，準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)付最壞的情況。

4. dinner與meal
dinner意為“正餐”，一般用作不可數(shù)名詞，通常不與冠詞連用。西方國(guó)家在星期一至星期五時(shí)，正餐一般是晚餐；在周末時(shí)，一般是午餐。dinner還可指“宴會(huì)”，通常作可數(shù)名詞，如：
They were at dinner when I called.當(dāng)我去拜訪時(shí)，他們正在吃飯。��
The city government will give a dinner to welcome the foreigners.市政府將設(shè)宴招待這些外賓，以示歡迎。��
meal意為“一頓（餐）飯”，可指一天早、中、晚中的任何一餐，是可數(shù)名詞，如：��
What time do you usually have your meals? 你通常什么時(shí)候吃三餐？

5.offer和supply的區(qū)分
從意義上來(lái)講：
offer多表示主動(dòng)提出給對(duì)方某物或主動(dòng)提出做某事
supply 則多表示供給對(duì)方生活必需品
從搭配上來(lái)講：
offer后可接：名詞或代詞；直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)；to do。
supply多用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：supply sth. to /for sb. ; supply sb. with sth.。但當(dāng)offer表示“提供出售”之意時(shí)，它可與supply替換使用。例如：
He offered me a cup of coffee. 他給我端來(lái)一杯咖啡。
He offered to help me.他表示愿意幫助我。
Cows supply us with milk.奶牛向我們提供牛奶。
The school supplies books to/for children.學(xué)校向孩子提供書(shū)本。
The bookstore offers/supplies all kinds of books. 那家書(shū)店出售各種書(shū)籍。

6．be made of, be made from 和 be made into
1) be made of意為“由（看得見(jiàn)的原料）制成”。
The desk is made of wood. 這張桌子是由木頭制成的。
2) be made from 意為“由（看不出的原料）制成”。
This paper is made from wood. 這種紙是由樹(shù)木制成的。
3）be made into意為“（原料）被制成……”。
Wood can be made into paper and desks. 木材能被制成紙和桌子。
注：從以上例子可看出不管原料能否看得見(jiàn)，也就是說(shuō)不管是be made of還是be made from, 均可與be made into轉(zhuǎn)換。

7.room的基本用法
1)room可以用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“(未占用的或可利用的)空間；地位；余地”。例如：
①I(mǎi)s there room for me? 還有我的地方嗎？
②It's polite for the youth to make room for the old in the bus.在公共汽車上為老人讓路是有禮貌的。
③There's plenty of room for the desks. 有足夠的空地方放課桌。
④There's room for three more. 還有三個(gè)人的位置。
⑤I haven't much room to move about here.我這兒沒(méi)有多少活動(dòng)余地。
⑥Can you make room for another?你還能騰出一個(gè)(或一件東西)的地方嗎？
⑦This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out. 這張桌子占的地方太大，我們最好把它搬到外頭去。
2)room可以用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“房間，室；一套房間；寓所”。例如：
①How many rooms are there in this hotel? 這家飯店里有多少房間？
②This room is a very pleasant one. 這個(gè)房間很舒服。
【注意】與room常合成的詞有：bathroom 洗澡間；sitting-room 起居室；dinning-room 飯廳；schoolroom教室

8.ship作為動(dòng)詞的用法
1)ship作為及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“用船運(yùn)送”、“運(yùn)送”，如：
①They shipped the machine from Shanghai to Tianjin last week.他們于上星期用船把那臺(tái)機(jī)器從上海運(yùn)到天津。
②Did he ship the goods by train or by plane?他是用火車還是用飛機(jī)運(yùn)送那批貨物的？
2)ship作為不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“上船”、“乘船”、“在船上工作”，如：
①He said good - bye to his family and shipped out for England.他向家人道別，乘船到英國(guó)去了。
②He shipped as a cook.他在船上當(dāng)廚師。

9.offer的用法
作為及物動(dòng)詞，有以下幾種意思：
1)提供，提出，如：
①The young man offered the old woman his own seat.那位年輕人把自己的座位讓給那位老大娘。
2)出價(jià)，開(kāi)價(jià)(常與介詞for連用)，如：
①I(mǎi) offered him ￡10,000 for the house.我出價(jià)一萬(wàn)英鎊向他買(mǎi)那座房子。
②I offered him the house for ￡10,000．我提出一萬(wàn)磅的價(jià)格把那座房子賣(mài)給他。
3)表示愿意做某事(常與不定式連用)，如：
①We offered to go with him. 我們表示愿意和他一道去。
另外，offer也可作為名詞用，意思是“提供”，“提供的事物”，如：
①You ought to accept the offer. 你應(yīng)該接受這個(gè)提議

 

語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)——定語(yǔ)從句
1．由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：（which在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)）
This is the store which opens all night.
This is the pen which my brother bought for me.
Is this the house in which Lu Xun once lived?
(or: Is this the house which Lu Xun once lived in?)
This is the magazine which you are looking for.
Notes: which, whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞一般可置于關(guān)系代詞之前或放在從句原來(lái)的位置。但在含有介詞的動(dòng)詞固定短語(yǔ)中介詞只能放在原來(lái)的位置上，而不能放在which之前，如例4則不能改為
This is the magazine for which you are looking.
2．由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句：
在定語(yǔ)從句中that可以指人或物，代替who，whom，which；在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，但不能放在介詞后作介詞賓語(yǔ)。
This is the photo that (which) I took in Beijing last year.
This is the man that/who lives next door.
Is this the professor that you talked about yesterday? (about不能放在that前面)
但下列情況只能用that。
l）序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)形容詞修飾先行詞時(shí)用that。
This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.
The first English song that I learned was the ABC song.
2）all ,much, everything, nothing, something, anything作先行詞時(shí)用that。（但先行詞是everybody，everyone時(shí)因應(yīng)用who，one指人時(shí)也用who）
Everything that we saw at the exhibition greatly interested us.
Is there anything that belongs to you?
All that we need is more time.
Nothing that parents do doesn’t influence their children.
3）先行詞為any，no，only，every等修飾時(shí)用that。
That is the only way that we can find at present.
This is the very museum that we visited for the first time.
4) that可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)它在從句中作介賓時(shí)，介詞應(yīng)后移。
This is the good student that the teachers talked about just now.
5）先行詞為既指人又指物的并列名詞時(shí)，用that．
My mother and her old friends talked of the things and persons that they remembered in the school.

定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)
I．用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空
1. Yesterday I met Doctor Wang, ____ told me the good news of his son's passing the examination.
2. The two pupils ____ you taught three yeas ago have become teachers.
3. He began to work in Beijing in the year ____ New China was founded.
4. I don’t know the reason ____ she didn't agree to our plan.
5. This is Carry ____ son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan.
6. He told us everything ____ he had seen in the traffic accident.
7. This was the best model of the TV set ____ the factory produced last year..
8. They have visited the Museum of Chinese History ____ Premier Zhou’s life and deeds are being shown.
9. Alice, ____ dress is all red, looks very pretty.
10. The first thing ____ I am going to do this evening is to write a report about the experiment.
II．用關(guān)系代詞which或as填空
1. He is an American, ____ I know from his accent.
2. She was not discouraged, ____ can be seen from her eyes.
3. The sun heats the earth, ____ makes it possible for plants to grow.
4. ____ was usual with him, the old man went out for a walk after supper.
5. It was raining, ____ was a pity.
6. He said he had been to America, ____ is untrue.
7. ____ is well known, China is in Asia.
8. Edison was one of the greatest scientist, ____ is well-known.
9. He must be from Africa, ____ can be seen from his skin.
10. Air, ____ we breathe every day, is a mixture of gases.
教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 29

Teaching Aims

1. To train the students’ ability of listening and improve their spoken English.

2. To learn how to make an offer of food.

3. To learn how to use the following useful words and expressions: offer a piece of help oneself to.

4. To get the Ss to know some table manners.

Teaching procedures

Step I Presentation

1.T: We are going to learn some table manners and new words. (Write these on the blackboard).

2. Competition: Write these columns on the Bb.

The Ss work in groups. They have to write down the names of as many items of food as they can think of in English. See which group can write down the most items for each category.

3. Teach the names of food, using some pictures on the projector or the real things. Then ask the Ss what kind of food they like to eat most.

 

Step 3 Listening

Tell the Ss that we are going to learn a dialogue. In the dialogue Jim and Bob are at Li Jia’s house for dinner.

1. Get the Ss to listen to the tape.

2. After listening, ask the Ss to answer the questions.

3. Get the Ss to listen to the tape again. This time listen and repeat.

Step 4 Reading

Ask the Ss to see how Li Jia offers food to the guests.

T: Please listen to the tape carefully with your books closed. After that, you are to answer some questions.

1) How many kinds of food do the friends talk about in the dialogue? (five)

2) What are they? (beancurd, beef, chicken, pancake, soup)

Step 5 Language study

T allow the Ss enough time to discuss the difficult phrases or sentences. After that, ask some Ss to explain them. If they have any problems, the T explains them.

1) Do you like. . . ? (in general)

Would you like. .. ? (It’s more polite than “Do you want. . .now?”)

2) How about some more beef? (There is no main verb here. This is acceptable in speech, but not usually in written English. )

3) There’ s plenty more. =There’s plenty more beef.

4) Next time you must come to us. =We will invite you to have supper at our house next time.

5) Help yourself to. . . ==Please take. . .for yourself.

6) another piece of =one more piece of

Step 6 Practice

1. Get the Ss to read the dialogue in pairs. Then ask some Ss to read it.

2. Do Talking and Oral Practice on Page 29.

3. Watch the video - taped performance of the dialogue.

Step 7 Summary and further practice

1. Summary

Go over the useful words and expressions and ask some Ss to make up sentences.

2. Communicative activities

Allow the Ss enough time to make a similar dialogue using the expressions and structures.

3. Ask one or two pairs to act their dialogues out.

Step 8 Homework

Ask the Ss to finish the exercises on Page 92.

教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)方案Lesson 30

Teaching aims

1.To train the ability of skimming the text to find the general idea and scanning the text to locate the information quickly.

2. To learn how to use the following words and expressions:

room ,discover, arrive, make into

3. To review the Attributive Clauses.

4. To let the Ss know some farm products.

Step 1 Revision

1. Check the homework in the workbook first.

2. Revise some new words suiting the pictures.

Step2 Presentation

1. Ask the Ss the following questions

1) What’s your favorite food?

2) What food do people like in Shanghai/Sichuan/Tibet/the USA, etc. ?

3) Do you like corn?                 

Step3.Listening

T play the tape to the Ss, then try to ask them the below.

1) When was corn first brought to China?

2) Can you name some of the plants that were found in America?

Answers: 1)Corn was first brought to China about 450 years ago. 2) For example, beans, potatoes and other different fruits.

Step 4 Reading

T will give the Ss a few minutes to read it, then say something about the useful plant corn.

 

2) Ask the Ss to skim the text to find the general idea.

Answers:

The passage talks about the food in the world. It tells us how corn, tomatoes and other plants were discovered. It mainly tells us how corn was discovered and taken to the other parts of the world and the my of making corn food.

Step 4. Language study

Get the SB to look through the text and explain some language points and difficult sentences, if necessary the T can explain them again.

1) There was not enough room.

2) discovered the tomato

3) an open fire =a fire that bums in the open air

4) got angry =become angry

Step 5Workbook

Get the Ss to do Ex.2 &3 on Page 31 and Ex. 1 &2 on Page 94.

Step 6 Summary and further discussion

1. Retell the text.

2. Discussion:

1) Do you think the agriculture is important?

2) How can you make contributions to the agriculture?

3) What have you learnt from the text?

Step 7 Homework

1. Finish off the exercises in the Wb on Page 93 & 94.

2. Read the text aloud and recite the third paragraph of the text.

 

 

探究活動(dòng)

1.play a role: What’s the favorite food? 教師拿出圖片給學(xué)生看,組織學(xué)生兩個(gè)人一組編寫(xiě)對(duì)話，說(shuō)出自己喜歡的食物，教師與其他學(xué)生進(jìn)行評(píng)定。

2.Discussion

教師給學(xué)生話題，How to be polite if you are invited to a dinner? 學(xué)生可分成幾組進(jìn)行，討論完之后，教師進(jìn)行總結(jié)，然后告訴學(xué)生更多有關(guān)餐桌禮節(jié)的有關(guān)知識(shí)。

T: There are some differences in table manners between the western countries and China. If an American or Englishman invites you to dinner, you’d better arrive on time. You can arrive a few minutes late but you can’t arrive early. While eating, you’ d better put your table napkin on your knees not around your neck if there is any. In China, we usually serve dishes first and then soup, while in the West, people prefer to serve soup before dishes. In China, hosts are always toasting wine and picking up food for their guests again and again but in the west especially in America, hosts only offer food once. If you want to have more, just help yourself to it. Don’t pretend to be refined. The host won’t offer a second time. Hosts like their guests to help themselves. If you don’t know the taste of a dish, you can taste a little. You mustn’t refuse what your host offers you. If you don’t like it indeed, you can honestly say; Sorry. I’m not used to that. Thank you. But you must eat up all the food put in your plate, finish all the wine put in your glass. Don’t make any noises while eating. Don’t put your plate close to your mouth or put you mouth into the plate. You should help your host/ hostess to set the table before the dinner. After the meal you ought to offer your host the help to clear the table.